JavaScript is an Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) language. A programming language can be called object-oriented if it provides four basic capabilities to developers:
Encapsulation, the capability to store related information, whether data or methods, together in an object
Aggregation, the capability to store one object inside another object.
The capability of a class to rely upon another class(or number of classes) for some of its properties and methods
The capability to write one function or method that works in a variety of different ways.
Objects are composed of attributes. If an attribute contains a function, it is considered to be a method of the object otherwise, the attribute is considered a property.
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JavaScript Object Properties can be any of the three primitive data types or any of the abstract data types, such as another object. JavaScript Object properties are usually variables that are used internally in the object's methods but can also be globally visible variables that are used internally in the object's methods but can also be globally visible variables that are used throughout the page.
The syntax for adding a property to an object is
ObjectName.objectProperty=propertyValue;
Example
Following is a simple example to show how to get a document title using the “title” property of the document object:
Var str=document.title;
JavaScript Object Methods
The methods are functions that let the object to do something be done to it. There is little difference between a function and a method, except that a function is a standalone unit of statements, and a method is attached to an object and can be referenced by this keyword.
Methods are useful for everything from displaying the contents of the object to the screen to performing complex mathematical operations on a group of local properties and parameters.
Example
Following is an example to show how to use the write() method of the document object to write any content on the document:
Document. write{“This is a test”};
User-Defined Objects
All user-defined objects and built-in objects are descendants of an object called Object.
The new Operator
The new operator is used to create an instance of an object. To create an object, the new operator is followed by the constructor method.
In the following example,the constructor methods are Object{},Array{} and Date{}.These construcots are built-in JavaScript functions.
Var employees=new Object{};
Var books=new Array{“C++”,”Perl”,”Java”};
Var day=new Date{August 15,1947”};
The Object() Constructor
A constructor is a function that creates and initializes an object.Java Script provides a special constructor function called object() to build the object. The return value of the Object() constructor is assigned to a variable.
The variable contains a reference to the new object. The properties assigned to the object are not variables and are not defined with the var keyword.
Example 1
This example demonstrates how to create an object: <html>
<head>
<title>User-define objects</title>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
Var book=new Object{}; //Create the object
Book.subject=;Perl”;//Assign properties to the object
Book.author =”Mohtashim”;
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type=”text/javascript’>
Document.write{“Book name is: “+book.subject+”,br>”};
Document.write{Book author is:”book.author +”<br>”}’
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2
This example demonstrates how to create an object with a User-Defined Function. Here this keyword is used to refer to the object that has been passed to a function:
<html>
<head>
<title>User-define objects</title>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
Var myBook=new book{“Perl”, “Mchtashim”};
Document.write{‘Book title is :”+myBook.title+”<br>”};
Document.write{‘Book author is :”+myBook.author+”<br>”};
</script>
<body>
</html>
Defining Methods for an Object in JavaScript
The previous example demonstrates how the constructor creates the object and assigns properties. But we need to complete the definition of an object by assigning methods to it.
<html>
<head>
<title>User-define objects</title>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
// Define a function which will work as a method
Function add Price{amount}
This.price=amount;
Function book{title,author}{
This.title=title;
This.auhtor=author;
This.addPrice=addPrice;//Assign that method as property.
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type=”text/javascrpit”>
var myBook= new book(“Perl”,”Mohtashim”);
myBook.addprice(100);
document.write(“Book title is : “ + myBook.title + “<br>);
document.write(“Book author is : “ + myBook.author + “<br>);
document.write(“Book price is : “ + myBook.price + “<br>);
</script>
</body>
</html>
The with Keyword
The keyword is used as a kind of shorthand d for referring the properties or methods of an object.
The object specified as an argument to becomes the default object for the duration of the block that follows. The properties and methods for the object can be used without naming the object.
Syntax
with (object){
properties used without the object name and dot.
}
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>User-defined objects </title>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
//Define a function which will work as a method
function add price(amount)
with(this){
price=amount;
}
}
function book(title, author){
this.title=title;
this.author=author;
this.price=0;
this.addprice=addprice; //Assign that method as property.
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type=”text/javascrpit”>
var myBook= new book(“Perl”,”Mohtashim”);
myBook.addprice(100);
document.write(“Book title is : “ + myBook.title + “<br>);
document.write(“Book author is : “ + myBook.author + “<br>);
document.write(“Book price is : “ + myBook.price + “<br>);
</script>
</body>
</html>
JavaScript Native Objects
JavaScript has several built-in or native objects. These objects are accessible anywhere in your program and will work the same way in any browser running in any operating system.
Here is the list of all important JavaScript Native Objects
JavaScript Number object
JavaScript Boolean object
JavaScript String object
JavaScript Array object
JavaScript Date object
JavaScript Math object
JavaScript RegExp object
The String object lets you work with a series of characters and wraps Javascript's string primitive data type with a number of helper methods.
Because Javascript automatically converts between string primitives and String objects, you can call any of the helper methods of the String object on a string primitive.
Syntax
Creating a String object
var val =new string(string)
The string parameter is a series of characters that have been properly encoded.
String Properties
Here is a list of each property and its description.
| Property | Description |
| Constructor | Returns a reference to the String function that created the object. |
| length | Returns the length of the string |
| prototype | The prototype property allows you to add properties and methods to an object. |
String Methods
Here is a list of each method and its description.
| Method | Description |
| charAt() | Returns the character at the specified index. |
| charCodeAt() | Returns a number indicating the Unicode value of the character at the given index. |
| concat() | Combines the text of two strings and returns a new string. |
| indexOf() | Returns the index within the calling String object of the first occurrence of the specified value, or -1 if not found. |
| lastIndexOf() | Returns the index within the calling String object of the last occurrence of the specified value, or -1 if not found. |
| localeCompare() | Returns a number indicating whether a reference string comes before or after or is the same as the given string in sort order. |
| match() | Used to match a regular expression against a string. |
| replace() | Used to find a match between a regular expression and a string, and to replace the matched substring with a new substring. |
| search() | Execute the search for a match between a regular expression and a specified string. |
| slice() | Extract a section of a string and returns a new string. |
| spilt() | Splits a string object into an array of the string by separating the string into substrings. |
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